The Catucaí variety was developed by researchers at the then Brazilian Coffee Institute (IBC). This cross between Catuaí and Icatu was first selected in 1988 from a population of the red Icatu cultivar. After generations of breeding and selection in both Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, the program gave rise to cultivars with red and yellow fruits. The plants are characterised by their low height, good productivity, early maturation, and resistance to disease.
Mundo Novo is the result of a natural cross between the Bourbon and Typica varieties discovered in Mineiros do Tiete, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The variety is productive and has good cup quality but is susceptible to major diseases and has commercial importance in Brazil and other South American countries, including Peru. It was introduced in Costa Rica in 1952, though it was not widely adopted because farmers disliked its very tall stature. Mundo Novo can also be found in Malawi in Africa. It is vigorous and productive for a traditional American variety but is late maturing.
Bourbon is one of the most culturally and genetically important varieties of Arabica in the world. It is a tall variety characterised by relatively low production, susceptibility to the major diseases, and excellent cup quality at high altitudes.
The first Bourbon plantation dates back to 1715 when it was introduced from Yemen on Bourbon island, now known as La Réunion. Bourbon goes back to a broad group of C. arabica specimens that developed naturally and is still cultivated in Central America today.
Depending on the sub-group, this coffee can grow red, yellow or orange-coloured cherries. Bourbon shoots grow initially upwards at 45° to the stem, the stems stand strong and young leaves are green. These plants generally have broader leaves and rounder fruit and seeds than Typica and its descendants.